Objective
Acquire TV panoramas of the surface to study processes that
occur at impact sites, such as aeolian activity, fluvial effects on
the surface, volcanism, etc. Surveys made in different seasons will
yield information about the dynamics of these processes.
Method
TV imaging of the martian surface. Panorama is taken with a
camera built around band-selective CCD line-arrays, by the optical and
mechanical package of the camera rotating around the vertical axis of
the penetrator.
Main Characteristics
Height above ground 1 m
Number of pixels 2048
IFOV 0.5 mrad
Field of Regard 60° X 360°
Spectral ranges
blue band 0.44 to 0.46 µ m
green band 0.54 to 0.56 µ m
red band 0.69 to 0.75 µ m
near-IR band 0.96 to 1.02 µ m
Data capacity 26 Mbit (2.6 Mbit w/ compression)
Power consumption 2.0 W
Mass 1.0 kg
Session time ~0.3 hour
Objective
in-situ measurements of meteorological parameters on
the surface of Mars.
Method
Measurements of temperature, pressure, wind direction, wind speed, and
humidity of the atmosphere.
Main Characteristics
Temperature 140° to 300° K (accuracy 1%)
Pressure 3 to 10 mbar (accuracy 1%)
Wind velocity 1 to 50 m/s (accuracy 5%)
Humidity 10 to 1000 ppm (accuracy 10%)
Data capacity < 16 kbit/day (waiting mode 1.6 kbit/day)
Power consumption < 1 W (mean)
Mass 0.4 kg
Session time first day continuous, then periodically
Objective
Measure the elemental composition of martian rocks. The gamma radiation
recorded by the instrument permits H, Na, Mg, Al, Si, K, Cl, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe,
Th, U abundances to be determined in rocks.
Method
Recording of gamma-rays from natural radionuclides K, Th, U,
and of the gamma radiation due to the nuclear interaction of cosmic
rays with elements of Martian rocks.
Main Characteristics
Gamma-radiation energy range 0.3 to 0.8 MeV
Energy resolution for Ev = 0.661 MeV better than 8%
Measurement accuracy
for major rock-forming elements better than 10%
for minor elements better than 20%
Data capacity 10 kbit/hour
Power consumption 1.2 W
Mass 0.8 kg
Session time 10 hours
Objective
Determine the elemental composition of subsurface rocks,
including the abundance of rock-forming elements (Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti,
Fe), volatiles (S, Cl) and minor elements
Method
Excitation of the X-ray fluorescent radiation of a rock sample
using the radioactive sources Fe55 and Cd109.
Main Characteristics
Energy range 1.0 to 24 keV
Data capacity 10 kbit/10 min
Power consumption 0.9 W
Mass 0.4 kg
Session time 0.5 hr
Objective
Measure the elemental composition of. rocks, including the
abundance of light elements (C. N. F) and major rock-forming elements
(O, Na, Mg. Al. Si, S, K, Ca, Fe) in a small-size soil sample.
Method
Irradiation of a martian soil sample with alpha-particles of a
Cm244 isotope source (60-80 mCurie). The instrument records
alpha-particle scattering spectra and secondary proton spectra.
Main Characteristics
Energy range 0.8 to 6.3 MeV
Resolution 7%
Sensitivity 0.1 to 0.5 wt. %
Data capacity 10 kbit/5 hours
Power consumption 0.5 W
Mass 0.32 kg
Session time 10 hours
Objective
soil humidity content and its variations
depth variation of rock density
Method
Recording of neutrons scattered on nuclei of rock elements.
The humidity content is determined in ~0.3 m3 volume of a
rock sample.
Main Characteristics
Energy range 0.001 eV to 1 MeV
Minimum detectable water content 0.1 wt. %
Data capacity 300 bit/2.5 hours
Power consumption 0.25 W
Mass 0.2 kg
Session time 2.5 hours
Objective
To measure the mechanical characteristics of surface rocks.
The following characteristics are to be estimated:
resistance force/time ratio
velocity/time profile
penetration profile and depth
Method
Measurement of three overload components during the probe
penetration into the surface.
Main Characteristics
Instrument sensor piezocrystal
Wave range 3 to 100 kHz
Force measurement accuracy 0.25 g
Data capacity 1.2 kbit during penetration period
Power consumption 0. 1 W
Mass 0.1 kg
Session time < 1 min.
Objective
Thermal physics of the surface soil layer:
heat capacity
heat conductivity
thermal diffusivity
diurnal and seasonal propagation of a thermal wave
thermal flows from the planet's interior
Method
Measurements of time and spatial profiles of rock temperature.
Main Characteristics
Sensors platinum thermocouples
Accuracy of heat conductivity
and heat capacity measurements 5%
Accuracy of absolute temperature
measurements 1° K
Measurement cycle 5 min
Data capacity, waiting mode 5 kbit/cycle
Power consumption 4 W
Mass 0.3 kg
Session time first day continuous, then
periodically
Objective
Study of the structure of the planetary crust, its
stratification and inhomogeneities. Measurements of seismic noise and
natural oscillations of the planet will provide the data on its inner
structure and dynamics.
METHOD
Recording of seismic noise of the planet.
Main Characteristics
Frequency range 10 to 100 Hz
Data capacity
in waiting mode 16 bit/hour
in the event mode 10 kbit/event
Power consumption 0.02 W
Mass 0.3 kg
Session time continuous
Objective
Measure the magnetic field of Mars, the magnetic properties of
rocks and their paleomagnetism, and possible stratification of layers
using magnetometric data.
Method
Recording of three components of the magnetic field on the
martian surface and a vertical component at the penetration depth.
Main Characteristics
Resolution 0.5 nT
Data capacity:
first day 36 bit/min
in the waiting mode 36 bit/4 hours
Power consumption 1 W
Mass 0.25 kg
Session time: first day continuous, then
periodically
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