Main Scientific Objectives
Interaction between the plasma and neutrals near Mars
Plasma ion composition
Instrument
ASPERA-S consists of:
Ion-Mass Imaging Spectrometer (IMIS)
Electrostatic "top hat" analyzer
Particles are detected by "imaging" sensor using a
microchannel plate assembly with position sensitive
anodes, 32 x 32 (angle x mass) matrix.
Neutral Particle Imager (NPI)
NPI-1, SSD, records neutral atoms.
NPI-2, LiF, records secondary ions and electrons
generated by neutral particles (E > 10 eV) (LiF target). An
electrostatic filter deflects all charged particles
with energies less than 300 keV/q.
Scanner Platform
+/-90° , provides full coverage within 4 pi solid angle
Main Characteristics
IMIS NP-1 NP-2
SSD LiF
Energy range 0.5-50 keV 5-300 keV >=10 eV
Energy resolution (Delta-E/E) 0.07 0.36 <1
Angular resolution(degree) 5 X 11.3 5 X 5 5 X 5
Field of view (degree) +/-5 X 360 5 X 320 5 X 360
Geometry factor
(cm2s ster keV/q 10-4 3 X 10-4 3 X 10-4
Mass range (a.m.u.) 1-1012 1-102 (SSD) 1-1012
Mass resolution 1.3-6.4 (hot) < 1 < 1
4.0 - 30 (cold)
Counting rate (s-1) 0.1- l06 0.001-105 0.001-105
Mass 8.8 kg
Main Scientific Objectives
Structure, dynamics, and origin of plasma formations in the
near-Mars space from measurements of three-dimensional distribution
functions of hot ions and flux parameters with high time resolution
Instrument
36 Thomson parabolic energy-mass analyzers for measuring a 3D
distribution function for several sorts of ions within the wide energy
range and with the high resolution.
Main Characteristics
Energy range 20 eV-8 keV
Energy resolution Delta-E/E 0.2
FOV 4 pi
Angular resolution (degree) 30 x 60
Geometry factor(cm2 ster) 4.2 X 10-5
Mass range (a.m.u.) 1-30
Mass resolution, M/Delta-M 6
Time resolution 0.1 s
Mass 8.8 kg
Main Scientific Objectives
Dynamics of the Martian ionosphere and the ion composition of
the thermal plasma of ionospheric origin in the magnetosphere of
Mars
Method
Measure:
Parameters of the ionosphere: ion number densities and
ion composition, ion temperature and convective velocity
Parameters of ions leaving the ionosphere, and their
contribution to the ion composition of the magnetosphere
Dynamics of the ionosphere and magnetosphere and their
relationship with the solar wind interaction with Mars
Hardware
DYMIO is an omnidirectional ionospheric energy-mass-spectrometer with
energy and angular distribution analysis capabilities
Main Characteristics
Field of view 4 pi
Sensitivity 10-1 ions/cm3
Time resolution 0.25 s
Mass range 1-44 a.m.u.
Number density range 10-1-l05 cm-3
Number density accuracy 10%
Temperature range 200-10,000 K
Temperature accuracy 10% for Ti > 1000 K
Velocity accuracy 100 m/s for Vi < 1000 m/s
Data flow (max) 1-2 kbit/s
Mass 6.1 kg
Main Scientific Objectives
Measure martian ionosphere and the cold plasma convection in
the Martian magnetosphere
Method
MARIPROB measures the following ionospheric parameters:
Electron number density
Electron temperature
Ion number density
Mass composition of major components
Full vector of the ion drift velocity
Hardware
MARIPROB instrument consists of:
2 identical ion energy spectrometers
A set of 28 retarding potential analyzers
Spherical ion probe
A spherical retarding potential analyzer operating in
a floating mode with periodic measurements of integral cold ion energy
spectra
Main Characteristics
Ion, electron number densities, Ni, Ne, 0.1-5 X 105 cm-3
Ion, electron temperature. Ti, Te, < 15,000 K
Cold plasma convection velocity 10 m/s-35 km/s
FOV 4 pi
Mass composition 2-3 major masses (H+, O+,O2+)
Mass 7.9 kg
Main Scientific Objectives
Measurements with a high accuracy and a high time resolution, of the
three-dimensional distribution of electron velocity and magnetic-field vector
in the plasma environment of Mars and in the solar wind
Measurements of martian magnetic-field characteristics
Study of Martian bow shock characteristics
Study of physical processes in the magnetosheath and magnetotail
Study of magnetic field topology from the electron flux anisotropy
data
Hardware
The MAREMF experiment combines two fluxgate magnetometers and two
spectrometers for measuring 3D distributions of electrons
Main Characteristics
Magnetometer
Dynamic range +/-32, +/-128 nT
Resolution 4 pi T
Max sampling rate 100 vectors/s
Electron spectrometer
E/q range 0.5 eV to 2 keV
Field of view 4 pi
Spectral resolution 14%
Angular resolution 4 x 22 degree
Mass 11.3 kg
Main Scientific Objectives
Study of the Martian magnetosphere oblateness by the solar wind and of
the energy transfer through the shock and planetopause
Identification of instabilities in the ionosphere and magnetosphere
Study of waves of atmospheric origin generated by sand storms and
lightning
Global mapping of plasma convection
Distribution of thermal plasma temperature and density to an altitude
of 300 km
Dynamic relationship between the upper atmosphere and the lower
ionosphere
Hardware
Electric field sensors (3 double Langmuir probes consisting of four
noncoplanar identical spheres mounted on booms)
Magnetic field sensors (three orthogonal search coil sensors)
Langmuir probe
High frequency (HF) and mutual impedance (MI) probe
Analyzers of the frequency spectrum of physical parameters to be
measured
Microprocessor system
Main Characteristics
Electric field, Ex, Ey, Ez frequency range 0-2 X 105 Hz
Magnetic field, Bx, By, Bz frequency range 10-1-2 X 103 Hz
Electron number density. Ne
Langmuir probe 10-105 cm-3
Mutual impedance probe 1-102 cm-3
Frequency range 0-103 Hz
Electron temperature, Te 0.1-10 eV
Total Mass 11.48 kg
Main Scientific Objectives
Detailed studies of energetic particle radiation in the Martian
environment and monitoring of low-energy cosmic rays along the Earth-to-Mars
trajectory
Hardware
Four ion telescopes with electron broom magnets
One electron telescope protected by foil
Main Characteristics
Energy range (12 channels) 20 keV - several MeV
Field of view of each, telescope 30°
Geometry factor (of each) 0.3 cm2ster
Mass 3.3 kg
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